Ezekiel 39
Under each verse is the Hebrew source text word by word, from right to left: each prefix, stem and suffix with its transliteration, English gloss, Extended Strong's number and morphology code. Source text: STEPBible's TAHOT (CC BY 4.0)
Tap a word to mark it throughout the chapter; a morphology code explains itself the same way (in English).
- 1And thou, son of man, prophesy concerning Gog, and thou hast said: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, O Gog, Prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal,
- וְאַתָּ֤ה
- בֶן־
- בֶןven-O son ofH1121A
- אָדָם֙
- אָדָם֙'a.DamhumankindH0120G
- הִנָּבֵ֣א
- הִנָּבֵ֣אhi.na.Ve'prophesyH5012
- עַל־
- עַל'al-onH5921A
- גּ֔וֹג
- גּ֔וֹגGogGogH1463H
- וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔
- כֹּ֥ה
- כֹּ֥הkohthusH3541
- אָמַ֖ר
- אָמַ֖ר'a.Marhe saysH0559
- אֲדֹנָ֣י
- אֲדֹנָ֣י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִ֑ה
- יְהוִ֑הYah.wehYahwehH3069
- הִנְנִ֤י
- אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙
- גּ֔וֹג
- גּ֔וֹגGogO GogH1463H
- נְשִׂ֕יא
- נְשִׂ֕יאne.Si'[the] prince ofH5387A
- רֹ֖אשׁ
- רֹ֖אשׁrosh[the] head ofH7218B
- מֶ֥שֶׁךְ
- מֶ֥שֶׁךְMe.shekhMeshechH4902H
- וְתֻבָֽל׃
- 2And have turned thee back, and enticed thee, And caused thee to come up from the sides of the north, And brought thee in against mountains of Israel,
- 3And have smitten thy bow out of thy left hand, Yea, thine arrows out of thy right I cause to fall.
- וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י
- קַשְׁתְּךָ֖
- מִיַּ֣ד
- שְׂמֹאולֶ֑ךָ
- וְחִצֶּ֕יךָ
- מִיַּ֥ד
- יְמִינְךָ֖
- אַפִּֽיל׃
- אַפִּֽיל'a.PilI will make fallH5307G
- 4On mountains of Israel thou fallest, Thou, and all thy bands, and the peoples who `are' with thee, To ravenous fowl -- a bird of every wing, And `to' a beast of the field, I have given thee for food.
- עַל־
- עַל'al-onH5921A
- הָרֵ֨י
- הָרֵ֨יha.Rei[the] mountains ofH2022G
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֜לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- תִּפּ֗וֹל
- תִּפּ֗וֹלti.Polyou will fallH5307J
- אַתָּה֙
- אַתָּה֙'a.TahyouH0859A
- וְכָל־
- אֲגַפֶּ֔יךָ
- וְעַמִּ֖ים
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherwhichH0834A
- אִתָּ֑ךְ
- לְעֵ֨יט
- צִפּ֧וֹר
- צִפּ֧וֹרtzi.Porbird[s]H6833
- כָּל־
- כָּלkol-everyH3605
- כָּנָ֛ף
- כָּנָ֛ףka.NafwingH3671
- וְחַיַּ֥ת
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה
- נְתַתִּ֥יךָ
- לְאָכְלָֽה׃
- עַל־
- 5On the face of the field thou fallest, for I have spoken, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
- עַל־
- עַל'al-onH5921A
- פְּנֵ֥י
- פְּנֵ֥יpe.Nei[the] surface ofH6440J
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה
- תִּפּ֑וֹל
- תִּפּ֑וֹלti.Polyou will fallH5307J
- כִּ֚י
- כִּ֚יkiforH3588A
- אֲנִ֣י
- אֲנִ֣י'a.NiIH0589
- דִבַּ֔רְתִּי
- דִבַּ֔רְתִּיdi.Bar.tiI have spokenH1696G
- נְאֻ֖ם
- נְאֻ֖םne.'Um[the] utterance ofH5002
- אֲדֹנָ֥י
- אֲדֹנָ֥י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִֽה׃
- יְהוִֽהYah.wehYahwehH3069
- עַל־
- 6And I have sent a fire against Magog, And against the confident inhabitants of the isles, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah.
- 7And My holy name I make known in the midst of My people Israel, And I pollute not My holy name any more, And known have the nations that I, Jehovah, the Holy One, `am' in Israel.
- וְאֶת־
- שֵׁ֨ם
- שֵׁ֨םshem[the] name ofH8034
- קָדְשִׁ֜י
- אוֹדִ֗יעַ
- אוֹדִ֗יעַ'o.Di.a'I will make knownH3045
- בְּתוֹךְ֙
- עַמִּ֣י
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- וְלֹֽא־
- אַחֵ֥ל
- אַחֵ֥ל'a.ChelI will let be profanedH2490H
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- שֵׁם־
- שֵׁםshem-[the] name ofH8034
- קָדְשִׁ֖י
- ע֑וֹד
- ע֑וֹדodagainH5750
- וְיָדְע֤וּ
- הַגּוֹיִם֙
- כִּי־
- כִּיki-thatH3588A
- אֲנִ֣י
- אֲנִ֣י'a.NiIH0589
- יְהוָ֔ה
- יְהוָ֔הYah.wehYahwehH3068G
- קָד֖וֹשׁ
- קָד֖וֹשׁka.Do.osh[am] holyH6918G
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
- 8Lo, it hath come, and it hath been done, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah, It `is' the day of which I spake.
- הִנֵּ֤ה
- הִנֵּ֤הhi.Nehthere!H2009
- בָאָה֙
- בָאָה֙va.'Ah[it is] comingH0935G
- וְנִֽהְיָ֔תָה
- נְאֻ֖ם
- נְאֻ֖םne.'Um[the] utterance ofH5002
- אֲדֹנָ֣י
- אֲדֹנָ֣י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִ֑ה
- יְהוִ֑הYah.wehYahwehH3069
- ה֥וּא
- ה֥וּאhu'itH1931
- הַיּ֖וֹם
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherwhichH0834A
- דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃
- דִּבַּֽרְתִּיdi.Bar.tiI have spokenH1696G
- הִנֵּ֤ה
- 9And gone out have the inhabitants of cities of Israel, And they have burned and kindled `a fire', With armour, and shield, and buckler, With bow, and with arrows, And with hand-staves, and with javelins, And they have caused a fire to burn with them seven years,
- וְֽיָצְא֞וּ
- יֹשְׁבֵ֣י׀
- יֹשְׁבֵ֣יyo.she.Vei[the] inhabitants ofH3427
- עָרֵ֣י
- עָרֵ֣י'a.Rei[the] cities ofH5892B
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- וּבִעֲר֡וּ
- וְ֠הִשִּׂיקוּ
- בְּנֶ֨שֶׁק
- וּמָגֵ֤ן
- וְצִנָּה֙
- בְּקֶ֣שֶׁת
- וּבְחִצִּ֔ים
- וּבְמַקֵּ֥ל
- יָ֖ד
- יָ֖דyadhandH3027G
- וּבְרֹ֑מַח
- וּבִעֲר֥וּ
- בָהֶ֛ם
- אֵ֖שׁ
- אֵ֖שׁ'eshfireH0784
- שֶׁ֥בַע
- שֶׁ֥בַעShe.va'sevenH7651
- שָׁנִֽים׃
- שָׁנִֽיםsha.NimyearsH8141
- 10And they do not take wood out of the field, Nor do they hew out of the forests, For with armour they cause the fire to burn, And they have spoiled their spoilers, And they have plundered their plunderers, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
- וְלֹֽא־
- יִשְׂא֨וּ
- יִשְׂא֨וּyis.'Uthey will carryH5375G
- עֵצִ֜ים
- עֵצִ֜ים'e.Tzimwood<s>H6086G
- מִן־
- מִןmin-fromH4480A
- הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה
- וְלֹ֤א
- יַחְטְבוּ֙
- יַחְטְבוּ֙yach.te.Vuthey will cut [it]H2404
- מִן־
- מִןmin-fromH4480A
- הַיְּעָרִ֔ים
- כִּ֥י
- כִּ֥יkiforH3588A
- בַנֶּ֖שֶׁק
- יְבַֽעֲרוּ־
- יְבַֽעֲרוּye.va.'a.ru-they will kindleH1197A
- אֵ֑שׁ
- אֵ֑שׁ'EshfireH0784
- וְשָׁלְל֣וּ
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- שֹׁלְלֵיהֶ֗ם
- וּבָֽזְזוּ֙
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- בֹּ֣זְזֵיהֶ֔ם
- נְאֻ֖ם
- נְאֻ֖םne.'Um[the] utterance ofH5002
- אֲדֹנָ֥י
- אֲדֹנָ֥י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִֽה׃
- יְהוִֽהYah.wehYahwehH3069
- 11And it hath come to pass, in that day, I give to Gog a place there -- a grave in Israel, the valley of those passing by, east of the sea, and it is stopping those passing by, and they have buried there Gog, and all his multitude, and have cried, O valley of the multitude of Gog!
- וְהָיָ֣ה
- בַיּ֣וֹם
- הַה֡וּא
- אֶתֵּ֣ן
- אֶתֵּ֣ן'e.TenI will giveH5414G
- לְגוֹג֩׀
- מְקֽוֹם־
- מְקֽוֹםme.kom-a placeH4725
- שָׁ֨ם
- שָׁ֨םsham<of> thereH8033G
- קֶ֜בֶר
- קֶ֜בֶרKe.vera burial siteH6913
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
- גֵּ֤י
- גֵּ֤יgei[the] Valley ofH1516O
- הָעֹֽבְרִים֙
- קִדְמַ֣ת
- קִדְמַ֣תkid.Mat[the] east ofH6926
- הַיָּ֔ם
- וְחֹסֶ֥מֶת
- הִ֖יא
- הִ֖יאhi'itH1931
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- הָעֹֽבְרִ֑ים
- וְקָ֣בְרוּ
- שָׁ֗ם
- שָׁ֗םShamthereH8033G
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- גּוֹג֙
- גּוֹג֙goyGGogH1463H
- וְאֶת־
- כָּל־
- כָּלkol-allH3605
- הֲמוֹנ֔וֹQere, written (Ketiv): הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה
- וְקָ֣רְא֔וּ
- גֵּ֖יא
- גֵּ֖יאgei'[the] valley ofH1516N
- הֲמ֥וֹן
- הֲמ֥וֹןha.MonHamon-H1996
- גּֽוֹג׃
- גּֽוֹגGogGogH1996
- 12And the house of Israel have buried them -- in order to cleanse the land -- seven months.
- 13Yea, all the people of the land have buried them, and it hath been to them for a name -- the day of My being honoured -- an affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
- 14And men for continual employment they separate, passing on through the land, burying with those passing by those who are left on the face of the earth, to cleanse it: at the end of seven months they search.
- וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י
- תָמִ֤יד
- תָמִ֤ידta.MidcontinuityH8548
- יַבְדִּ֙ילוּ֙
- יַבְדִּ֙ילוּ֙yav.Di.luthey will set apartH0914
- עֹבְרִ֣ים
- עֹבְרִ֣ים'oe.Rim[who] passH5674A
- בָּאָ֔רֶץ
- מְקַבְּרִ֣ים
- מְקַבְּרִ֣יםme.ka.be.Rim[who] buryH6912
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- הָעֹבְרִ֗ים
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים
- עַל־
- עַל'al-onH5921A
- פְּנֵ֥י
- פְּנֵ֥יpe.Nei[the] surface ofH6440J
- הָאָ֖רֶץ
- לְטַֽהֲרָ֑הּ
- מִקְצֵ֥ה
- שִׁבְעָֽה־
- שִׁבְעָֽהshiv.'ah-sevenH7651
- חֳדָשִׁ֖ים
- חֳדָשִׁ֖יםcho.da.ShimmonthsH2320G
- יַחְקֹֽרוּ׃
- יַחְקֹֽרוּyach.Ko.ruthey will make a searchH2713
- 15And those passing by have passed through the land, and seen a bone of man, and one hath constructed near it a sign till those burying have buried it in the valley of the multitude of Gog.
- וְעָבְר֤וּ
- הָעֹֽבְרִים֙
- בָּאָ֔רֶץ
- וְרָאָה֙
- עֶ֣צֶם
- עֶ֣צֶם'E.tzema bone ofH6106G
- אָדָ֔ם
- אָדָ֔ם'a.Dama humanH0120G
- וּבָנָ֥ה
- אֶצְל֖וֹ
- צִיּ֑וּן
- צִיּ֑וּןtzi.Yuna markerH6725
- עַ֣ד
- עַ֣ד'aduntilH5704
- קָבְר֤וּ
- קָבְר֤וּka.ve.Ruthey have buriedH6912
- אֹתוֹ֙
- הַֽמְקַבְּרִ֔ים
- אֶל־
- אֶל'el-toH0413
- גֵּ֖יא
- גֵּ֖יאgei'[the] valley ofH1516N
- הֲמ֥וֹן
- הֲמ֥וֹןha.MonHamon-H1996
- גּֽוֹג׃
- גּֽוֹגGogGogH1996
- 16And also the name of the city `is' The multitude; and they have cleansed the land.
- 17And thou, son of man, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Say to the bird -- every wing, and to every beast of the field: Be assembled and come in, Be gathered from round about, For My sacrifice that I am sacrificing for you, A great sacrifice on mountains of Israel, And ye have eaten flesh, and drunk blood.
- וְאַתָּ֨ה
- בֶן־
- בֶןven-O son ofH1121A
- אָדָ֜ם
- אָדָ֜ם'a.DamhumankindH0120G
- כֹּֽה־
- כֹּֽהkoh-thusH3541
- אָמַ֣ר׀
- אָמַ֣ר'a.Marhe saysH0559
- אֲדֹנָ֣י
- אֲדֹנָ֣י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהֹוִ֗ה
- יְהֹוִ֗הYah.wehYahwehH3069
- אֱמֹר֩
- אֱמֹר֩'e.MorsayH0559
- לְצִפּ֨וֹר
- כָּל־
- כָּלkol-everyH3605
- כָּנָ֜ף
- כָּנָ֜ףka.NafwingH3671
- וּלְכֹ֣ל׀
- חַיַּ֣ת
- חַיַּ֣תchai.Yat<the> animal ofH2416C
- הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה
- הִקָּבְצ֤וּ
- הִקָּבְצ֤וּhi.ka.ve.TzuassembleH6908
- וָבֹ֙אוּ֙
- הֵאָסְפ֣וּ
- הֵאָסְפ֣וּhe.'a.se.Fugather yourselvesH0622
- מִסָּבִ֔יב
- עַל־
- עַל'al-toH5921A
- זִבְחִ֗י
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר'a.SherwhichH0834A
- אֲנִ֜י
- אֲנִ֜י'a.NiIH0589
- זֹבֵ֤חַ
- זֹבֵ֤חַzo.Ve.ach[am] sacrificingH2076
- לָכֶם֙
- זֶ֣בַח
- זֶ֣בַחZe.vacha sacrificeH2077
- גָּד֔וֹל
- גָּד֔וֹלga.DolgreatH1419A
- עַ֖ל
- עַ֖ל'alonH5921A
- הָרֵ֣י
- הָרֵ֣יha.Rei[the] mountains ofH2022G
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם
- בָּשָׂ֖ר
- בָּשָׂ֖רba.SarfleshH1320
- וּשְׁתִ֥יתֶם
- דָּֽם׃
- דָּֽםDambloodH1818
- 18Flesh of the mighty ye do eat, And blood of princes of the earth ye drink, Of rams, of lambs, and of he-goats, Of calves, fatlings of Bashan -- all of them.
- בְּשַׂ֤ר
- בְּשַׂ֤רbe.Sar[the] flesh ofH1320
- גִּבּוֹרִים֙
- גִּבּוֹרִים֙gi.bo.RimwarriorsH1368
- תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ
- תֹּאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luyou will eatH0398
- וְדַם־
- נְשִׂיאֵ֥י
- נְשִׂיאֵ֥יne.si.'Ei[the] princes ofH5387A
- הָאָ֖רֶץ
- תִּשְׁתּ֑וּ
- תִּשְׁתּ֑וּtish.Tuyou will drinkH8354
- אֵילִ֨ים
- אֵילִ֨ים'ei.LimramsH0352A
- כָּרִ֤ים
- כָּרִ֤יםka.RimlambsH3733C
- וְעַתּוּדִים֙
- פָּרִ֔ים
- פָּרִ֔יםpa.RimbullsH6499
- מְרִיאֵ֥י
- מְרִיאֵ֥יme.ri.'Eifatlings ofH4806
- בָשָׁ֖ן
- בָשָׁ֖ןva.ShanBashanH1316
- כֻּלָּֽם׃
- בְּשַׂ֤ר
- 19And ye have eaten fat to satiety, And ye have drunk blood -- to drunkenness, Of My sacrifice that I sacrificed for you.
- 20And ye have been satisfied at My table with horse and rider, Mighty man, and every man of war, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
- 21And I have given My honour among nations, And seen have all the nations My Judgment that I have done, And My hand that I have laid on them.
- 22And known have the house of Israel that I `am' Jehovah their God, From that day and henceforth.
- 23And known have the nations that for their iniquity, Removed have the house of Israel, Because they have trespassed against Me, And I do hide My face from them, And give them into the hand of their adversaries, And they fall by sword -- all of them.
- וְיָדְע֣וּ
- הַ֠גּוֹיִם
- כִּ֣י
- כִּ֣יkithatH3588A
- בַעֲוֹנָ֞ם
- גָּל֣וּ
- גָּל֣וּga.Luthey went into exileH1540K
- בֵֽית־
- בֵֽיתveit-[the] house ofH1004M
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- עַ֚ל
- עַ֚ל'alonH5921A
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherthatH0834A
- מָֽעֲלוּ־
- מָֽעֲלוּma.'a.lu-they had acted unfaithfullyH4603
- בִ֔י
- וָאַסְתִּ֥ר
- פָּנַ֖י
- מֵהֶ֑ם
- וָֽאֶתְּנֵם֙
- בְּיַ֣ד
- צָרֵיהֶ֔ם
- וַיִּפְּל֥וּ
- בַחֶ֖רֶב
- כֻּלָּֽם׃
- 24According to their uncleanness, And according to their transgressions, I have done with them, And I do hide My face from them.
- כְּטֻמְאָתָ֥ם
- וּכְפִשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם
- עָשִׂ֣יתִי
- עָשִׂ֣יתִי'a.Si.tiI have dealtH6213A
- אֹתָ֑ם
- וָאַסְתִּ֥ר
- פָּנַ֖י
- מֵהֶֽם׃
- 25Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Now do I bring back the captivity of Jacob, And I have pitied all the house of Israel, And have been zealous for My holy name.
- לָכֵ֗ן
- כֹּ֤ה
- כֹּ֤הkohthusH3541
- אָמַר֙
- אָמַר֙'a.Marhe saysH0559
- אֲדֹנָ֣י
- אֲדֹנָ֣י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִ֔ה
- יְהוִ֔הYah.wehYahwehH3069
- עַתָּ֗ה
- עַתָּ֗ה'a.TahnowH6258
- אָשִׁיב֙
- אָשִׁיב֙'a.ShivI will turn backH7725H
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- שְׁב֣וּתQere, written (Ketiv): שְׁבִית
- שְׁב֣וּתshe.vit[the] captivity ofH7622
- יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב
- יַֽעֲקֹ֔בya.'a.KoJacobH3290
- וְרִֽחַמְתִּ֖י
- כָּל־
- כָּלkol-allH3605
- בֵּ֣ית
- בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] house ofH1004M
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- וְקִנֵּאתִ֖י
- לְשֵׁ֥ם
- קָדְשִֽׁי׃
- 26And they have forgotten their shame, And all their trespass that they trespassed against Me, In their dwelling on their land confidently and none troubling.
- 27In My bringing them back from the peoples, I have assembled them from the lands of their enemies, And I have been sanctified in them before the eyes of the many nations,
- 28And they have known that I `am' Jehovah their God, In My removing them unto the nations, And I have gathered them unto their land, And I leave none of them any more there.
- וְיָדְע֗וּ
- כִּ֣י
- כִּ֣יkithatH3588A
- אֲנִ֤י
- אֲנִ֤י'a.NiIH0589
- יְהוָה֙
- יְהוָה֙Yah.weh[am] YahwehH3068G
- אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם
- בְּהַגְלוֹתִ֤י
- אֹתָם֙
- אֶל־
- אֶל'el-toH0413
- הַגּוֹיִ֔ם
- וְכִנַּסְתִּ֖ים
- עַל־
- עַל'al-toH5921A
- אַדְמָתָ֑ם
- וְלֹֽא־
- אוֹתִ֥יר
- אוֹתִ֥יר'o.TirI will leave behindH3498
- ע֛וֹד
- ע֛וֹדodagainH5750
- מֵהֶ֖ם
- שָֽׁם׃
- שָֽׁםShamthereH8033G
- 29And I hide not any more My face from them, In that I have poured out My spirit on the house of Israel, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah!'
- וְלֹֽא־
- אַסְתִּ֥יר
- אַסְתִּ֥יר'as.TirI will hideH5641
- ע֛וֹד
- ע֛וֹדodagainH5750
- פָּנַ֖י
- מֵהֶ֑ם
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר'a.Sher[I] whoH0834A
- שָׁפַ֤כְתִּי
- שָׁפַ֤כְתִּיsha.Fakh.tiI have poured outH8210G
- אֶת־
- אֶת'et-<obj.>H0853
- רוּחִי֙
- עַל־
- עַל'al-onH5921A
- בֵּ֣ית
- בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] house ofH1004M
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElIsraelH3478
- נְאֻ֖ם
- נְאֻ֖םne.'Um[the] utterance ofH5002
- אֲדֹנָ֥י
- אֲדֹנָ֥י'a.do.Nai[the] LordH0136
- יְהוִֽה׃
- יְהוִֽהYah.wehYahwehH3069
Public Domain